The Hubble Telescope caught a supernova outshining every star in its galaxy
Once it takes in material equivalent to about 1.44 times the mass of our Sun, it gets hot enough to ignite carbon fusion and trigger a thermonuclear runaway process. That leads to a violent explosion that can eject matter at up to 6 percent the speed of light and cause a peak brightness of 5 billion times that of the Sun.
Scientists know fairly precisely how much light a type Ia supernova produces, so they can use them as a “standard candle” to gauge distance. By comparing the theoretical with the observed brightness, they can accurately calculate the distance to the
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